1969

Government 5 Year Plan introduced which included upgrading the airport and widening the road system. Top-down approach adopted to try to entice tourists from Australia, W.Europe and Japan.

Traditional agricultural and fishing village. Population est 9000. Majority of villagers were poor. 4 small village shops. No restaurants, 2 small hotels located on the outskirts. Beachfront property not popular as the land was not agriculturally productive.

1970 - 1976

6,095 visitors stayed in 1972. 18,010 stayed in 1974. By 1975 the area had 100 locally owned hotels.

Village based entrepreneurs called Losmen constructed single story lodgings.

Tourism sparked a building boom. Local residents invested in restaurants. 27 opened in 1975. Food storage limited due to lack of electricity.

1977 - 1984

Land prices increased making some land owners very rich. Prime land on the sea front increased from $17 (100sq m) to $10,000. New shops opened selling souvenirs, clothing and textiles. These shops changed the village atmosphere. Migration occurred from other islands prospect of jobs.

1984

Village transformed into important tourism centre. Government sees tourism as a way to develop areas of the island with few resources. Main intersections were congested with traffic. Noise became a problem. Impact on ability of locals to make offerings at shrines. 80 % of households depend on tourism. Generates 67% of GDP

Economic

Social

Environmental

Local labour force required to run resort facilities

New airport built could be used by local people

New planting disguised new hotel complexes

Building boom in Kuta required construction workers

Town status allowed Kuta to receive gov assistance to improve street paving etc.

Influx of migrants allowed locals to rent out rooms

Electricity installed in 1981 improving standard of living

Individuals have become wealthy as land prices rose sharply

Wider variety of employment opportunities, giving locals better Q.O.L

Economic

Social

Environmental

Foreigners began to buy up more land leading to leakage. 44% of bars and restaurants owned by foreigners in 1983

Traffic congestion and noise affected ability of locals to make offerings at shrines

Developments created noise and fumes. Some hotels forced to close as tourists refused to stay there.

Land price increases made land unaffordable for some local people

Migrants attracted. Engaged in illegal activities (prostitution, drug dealing, theft etc)

Coral beds destroyed when sea bed material used for road and airport construction. Beach eroding at rate of 2 m per year

Local residents had to pay higher taxes to afford increased numbers of Police and electricity supplies

Language and culture diluted. Seasons became known by which nationality was visiting (Dec-Feb: Japanese season)

Rubbish accumulated, especially plastic bags used by Peddlers. Plastic straws washed up from bars

Dependence. 50% income from tourism. 40% jobs from tourism (not including indirect jobs).

Business owners changed signs into English, French and Japanese

Beautiful beaches became polluted

Decline?

Rejuvenation?

Terrorist bombings led to 202 people being killed

Foreign governments issued travel warnings. Jan 2003 - 60,000 visitors. Jan 2002 - 110,000.

Hotels have gone bankrupt. Economy unable to absorb unemployment after attacks. Investors avoiding Indonesia because of security problems

Tourism chiefs tried to persuade British and Australian Foreign Offices to lift travel bans.

Media coverage helped by promoting improved security

Prices lowered to encourage competition. Favourable offers set up with co-operation between tour operators and the government.

Number of arrests leading to boost in confidence.